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VGA TIMING
==========
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640 x 480 @ 60
800 x 600 @ 60
VGA consists of five main signals, three
color channels, and two sync signals,
vertical (VSYNC) and horizontal (HSYNC).
The display infers the correct settings
based on the timings of these two sig-
nals. Therefore, it is crucual that they
have the correct (enough) timings.
There are a bunch of different standard
resolutions and frame rates, but my fa-
vourite has always been 800x600@60Hz,
since it works with a nice round pixel
clock of 40 Mhz, and is easily divisible
into lower resolutions by using 2x or 4x
larger pixels, and repeating lines as
needed.
I used to reference the great website
tinyvga.com to check the required ti-
mings, but unfortunately, this site went
down in 2025. Below I've reproduced some
of the tables previously hosted on that
site (mostly for my own reference).
640 x 480 @ 60 Hz
=================
Frame rate: 60.3165 Hz
Line rate: 31.46875 kHz
Pixel rate: 25.175 MHz
# HORIZONTAL Pixels Time [us]
Visible area 640 25.4
Front porch 16 0.6
Sync pulse 96 3.8
Back porch 48 1.9
Whole line 800 31.8
# VERTICAL Lines Time [us]
Visible area 480 15253.2
Front porch 10 317.8
Sync pulse 2 63.6
Back porch 33 1048.7
Whole frame 525 16683.2
800 x 600 @ 60 Hz
=================
Frame rate: 60.3165 Hz
Line rate: 37.8788 kHz
Pixel rate: 40 MHz
# HORIZONTAL Pixels Time [us]
Visible area 800 20.0
Front porch 40 1.0
Sync pulse 128 3.2
Back porch 88 2.2
Whole line 1056 26.4
# VERTICAL Lines Time [us]
Visible area 600 15840.0
Front porch 1 26.4
Sync pulse 4 105.6
Back porch 23 607.2
Whole frame 628 16579.2
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